A Beautiful Mind Essay

A Beautiful Mind Essay A Beautiful Mind Essay â€Å"Imagine if you suddenly learned that the people, the places, the moments most important to you were not gone, not dead, but worse had never been. What kind of hell would that be?† A Beautiful Mind (2001) For John Nash, living with the diagnosis of schizophrenia meant this tormenting battle of delusion versus reality would be fought for a lifetime. By definition, schizophrenia is a devastating brain disorder that affects a person’s thinking, language, emotions, social behavior, and ability to perceive reality accurately. (Halter p.200) While the disease manifests itself differently among age groups, all individuals will experience at least one psychotic symptom which may include hallucinations, delusions and/or disorganized speech. (Halter p.202) In addition, sufferers may neglect hygiene, nutrition, be socially awkward or eccentric and have experience greater anxiety, depression and decreased concentration. Substance abuse is also associated with schizophrenia and nicotine dependence rates range between 70%-90% for patients. Delusions are false fixed beliefs that cannot be corrected by reasoning. The most common types of delusions are persecutory, grandiose, or those involving religious or hypochondriacal ideas. (Halter p.204-205) Hallucinations are also a common symptom among those who have schizophrenia. Auditory hallucinations are experienced by 60% of people with the disease at some time during their lives. (Halter p. 207) The scientific consensus is that the disease occurs when multiple inherited gene abnormalities combine with nongenetic factors such as viral infections, stressors, or birth injuries, altering the structure of the brain, affecting the brain’s neurotransmitter systems and/or injuring the brain directly. (Halter p. 202) In the movie A Beautiful Mind, we are given a glimpse into the life of John Nash, a world- renowned mathematician who is also a victim of schizophrenia. Although John Nash is ultimately rewarded with the Nobel Prize for his work, it is not an easy journey for him or his family. The beginning of the movie portrays Mr. Nash as an eager minded student who triumphantly enters Princeton University as a recipient of the Carnegie Prize, an esteemed award for mathematics. We notice his slightly awkward way of dealing with classmates and with women. We meet his intellectual rival, Martin Hansen who challenges him to a game of Go. Nash does not win the game and is greatly trouble by this. He explains, â€Å"I had the first move. My play was perfect. The game is flawed.† A Beautiful Mind (2001). Despite his less than comfortable presence around people, Nash does forge a friendship with Martin, Sol and Bender. These three young men are also math and science students who later aid him in his work. Nash displays an immense passion for work that bleeds into every aspect of his life. Whether in his dorm room drawing on the window or at local pub contemplating how to get everyone a date, his mind is constantly in motion. Nash also has a roommate during his years at Princeton. When first meeting Charles Herman, it is easy for the audience to be drawn to his charismatic persona and devotion to John. The interaction between the two is reminiscent of college roommates at any institution as they share laughs, struggles and victories. Nash later admits that Charles was his best friend over the years. While at Princeton, Nash must find an original idea for his thesis paper before he can begin work. The pressure is enormous to do so before anyone else. Nash is successful in this venture with his discovery of the game theory. He gains the respect of Martin, his former rival and begins work with Sol and Bender. This type of mathematical economics, impacts lives even today. Following hi s work at Princeton, he accepts a job at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It is during this time he meets Alicia Larde. Alicia is a graduate student in his class who takes an interest and even asks him to

Qu necesitas saber sobre visa paralizada causa 221g

Qu necesitas saber sobre visa paralizada causa 221g Cada aà ±o, aproximadamente la solicitud de un millà ³n de visas americanas, tanto no inmigrante como migrantes, entran en un periodo de anlisis especial conocido como procedimiento administrativo 221g, el cual significa que, por un tiempo,  no son ni aprobadas ni denegadas y la decisià ³n final est pendiente. En este artà ­culo se informa en detalle sobre quà © es realmente el procedimiento administrativo 221g, por quà © sucede, quà © puede hacer el solicitante de la visa y cunto tiempo se demora la obtencià ³n de una respuesta final y definitiva. Puntos clave: Procedimiento administrativo 221g El procedimiento administrativo 221g es una paralizacià ³n temporal de la solicitud de una visa americana. No es una aprobacià ³n ni tampoco una denegacià ³n.Las causas del procedimiento administrativo 221g son variadas: falta de documentacià ³n, necesidad de verificar antecedentes de solicitantes, veracidad de declaraciones en solicitud de visa, etc.Es habitual que la resolucià ³n del procedimiento administrativo 221g se demore 60 dà ­as o menos, pero se conocen casos de demora superior a 8 meses.  ¿Quà © significa el procedimiento administrativo 221g? Cuando el solicitante de una visa americana recibe una notificacià ³n en la que se le informa que su solicitud est pendiente por razà ³n del procedimiento administrativo 221g, debe entender que eso quiere decir que despuà ©s de la entrevista para la visa el oficial consular a cargo  no ha podido tomar una decisià ³n definitiva. En otras palabras, la visa no es aprobada pero tampoco negada definitivamente, sino que pasa a una tramitacià ³n especial que se conoce como procedimiento administrativo 221g.  ¿Por quà © la solicitud de una visa es enviada a un procedimiento administrativo? Las razones pueden ser bsicamente dos: En primer lugar, porque falta documentacià ³n para la visa. En este caso, el oficial consular informar en detalle sobre quà © documentos se precisan y cà ³mo deben ser enviados al consulado una vez que se obtengan. En estos casos es importantà ­simo tener en cuenta que hay un plazo que se especifica para proveer esa informacià ³n. Luego de ese tiempo sin haber entregado la documentacià ³n, la peticià ³n de visa es cancelada y si se desea sacar la visa se tendr que volver a aplicar desde el principio. Y, en segundo lugar, el procedimiento administrativo 221g puede darse por cualquier otra razà ³n. Desde coincidencia en nombre y fecha de nacimiento con otra persona, a informacià ³n variada que pueda tener el consulado y que necesita contrastar antes de tomar una decisià ³n.   Otro ejemplo puede suceder cuando quien solicita la visa ha sido militar en un paà ­s considerado como no amistoso. Tambià ©n en el caso de personas que solicitan la visa y que han visitado o residido en paà ­ses considerados como no amigos de los Estados Unidos. Incluso este problema le puede surgir a empresarios, inversores y cientà ­ficos de algà ºn modo relacionados con tecnologà ­a considerada sensible o de doble uso y que est incluida en la  Technology Alert List. Pero en la mayorà ­a de los casos se trata de asuntos ms comunes, como cuando se sospecha criminalidad por parte del solicitante de la visa o cuando se precisa que una oficina dependiente del gobierno federal de los Estados Unidos realice verificaciones. Por ejemplo, cuando se sospecha que uno de los documentos presentados al aplicar por la visa es falso o lo es alguna de las declaraciones y afirmaciones realizadas en las planillas para su solicitud. Hay que tener siempre presente que las mentiras en este contexto son fraude de ley y puede tener consecuencias muy serias con respecto a las opciones para obtener la visa americana.  ¿Cunto tiempo se demora resolver el procedimiento administrativo 221g? Cada caso es un mundo y no se puede establecer una regla general. Si bien es cierto que en la mayorà ­a de los casos hay una respuesta definitiva antes de que pasen 60 dà ­as, se sabe de casos en los que la demora ha llegado a los ocho meses o ms. Si la demora es mayor a lo habitual, debe consultar con un abogado si procede demandar mediante un writ of mandamus.  ¿En quà © consiste el procedimiento administrativo 221g? En cuanto a en quà © consiste este trmite administrativo 221g, hay dos posibles respuestas. Por un lado puede simplemente consistir en conseguir la documentacià ³n que se necesita y no se ha presentado. En este caso el consulado entrega un papel que dice detalladamente quà © documentacià ³n falta y dà ³nde y cà ³mo se debe entregar. En este caso debe seguir al pie de la letra esas instrucciones. Pero, por otro lado, puede que el trmite consista en una investigacià ³n por parte de una oficina que de algà ºn modo depende de un organismo federal de los Estados Unidos. Por ejemplo, se pueden verificar los antecedentes penales del solicitante o que realmente trabaja donde dice que lo hace. Incluso se puede enviar a un investigador a verificar la realidad de un matrimonio, etc. En este caso la tramitacià ³n va a depender del tipo de problema que se intenta resolver.  ¿Puede pedirse una tramitacià ³n de urgencia de la visa en este caso? No. Es irrelevante que se quiera la visa para empezar un curso, asistir a una boda, cerrar un negocio, etc. o que ya se hubiera pagado el viaje y el boleto de avià ³n. En ningà ºn caso es posible solicitar una tramitacià ³n de urgencia. Por esta razà ³n se recomienda encarecidamente no comprar tickets ni pagar reservas de viajes antes de tener la visa en mano.  ¿Puede verificarse cà ³mo se encuentra el caso? Si se ha solicitado una visa no inmigrante, tipo turista, estudiante, intercambio, trabajo temporal o semejantes se puede acceder a informacià ³n ms bien generalista sobre el estado de la tramitacià ³n de la visa en la pgina oficial del Departamento de Estado habilitada para ello. Si en el papel que se entrega donde se comunica que la solicitud est en trmite administrativo 221g se indica un mà ©todo distinto de verificacià ³n, debe seguir esas indicaciones. Si se quiere recibir informacià ³n ms en detalle, se aconseja contactar al consulado o embajada que tramita la visa. En estos casos es altamente recomendable dejar transcurrir al menos dos meses desde la fecha de la entrevista al momento de contactar por primera vez por esta razà ³n. Si se trata del supuesto en el que pidieron documentacià ³n adicional, debe contar los sesenta dà ­as a partir de la fecha del envà ­o de dicha documentacià ³n.  ¿Quà © sucede cuando se llega a una solucià ³n definitiva? La visa puede ser aprobada o negada. En este à ºltimo caso, se notificar la causa. En ambos supuestos  se enviar el pasaporte a su titular por el procedimiento que sea habitual en el consulado donde se solicità ³ la visa. El consulado puede negar la aprobacià ³n de una visa por razones que caen en dos grandes categorà ­as: Por causa de ineligibilidad, que es la ms comà ºn y aplica solamente a las visas no inmigrantes, como la de turista, estudiante, inversià ³n, intercambio, etc., o por alguna de  las  causas de inadmisibilidad  que impiden el ingreso a Estados Unidos, y que aplican tanto a las visas no inmigrante como de las de migrante. Cuanto  sucede una causa de inadmisibilidad, a veces es posible pedir un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso. Sin embargo, en estos casos es recomendable consultar con un abogado porque son casos difà ­ciles y no siempre es posible. Consejos en forma de tests Se aconseja tomar este quiz o  test de respuestas mà ºltiples en el caso de solicitar una visa no inmigrante. Conocer las respuestas le ayudar a entender cà ³mo sacar una visa, conservarla, renovarla y evitar que la cancelen.   En el caso de que el interà ©s sea obtener una visa inmigrante, es de interà ©s tomar este test sobre conocimientos bsicos de la green card, tambià ©n conocida como tarjeta de residencia permanente o green card. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Final Analysis and Personal Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Analysis and Personal Reflection - Essay Example Community health assessment is significantly imperative in assisting health practitioners, policy makers, and government to identify and analyze community’s health needs. Additionally, community health assessment is an incredibly vital tool in the identification of resources necessary in addressing emerging health issues as well as in the detection of health needs that demands for immediate action. The essay below intends to analyze the maternal, infant, and child health need in Montclair, New Jersey community in response to the healthy people 2020 objectives Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction and Literature Review 3 Assessment Phase 4 Goals and Objectives 5 Intervention 5 Primary Intervention 5 Secondary Prevention 6 Tertiary Intervention 6 Action phase 6 Evaluation 7 Appendix 7 References 8 Introduction and Literature Review According to Healthy People 2020 objectives, the improvement of health care among infants, children, and mothers should be the main long term objective of the Montclair, New Jersey health system (Healthy People 2020, 2012). The health care of mothers, children, and infants section of the population is exceptionally essential in shaping up the future generation as it helps in the prediction of health needs and challenges in future families, communities, and health care system. To understand the maternal, infant, and child health needs in Montclair, New Jersey, it is imperative for Montclair community nurses to evaluate and analyze the community’s health behaviors, the quality of life in Montclair Families, children, and women and the nature and capabilities of the Montclair health systems (Baron, 2005). In most cases, a pregnancy plays an extremely indispensable role in the identification of health needs among pregnant women. Knowledge on pregnancy tests helps in the identification of the most effective means of preventing future health problem among pregnant women and their children. Health risks among Montcl air community’s pregnant women include: depression, unhealthy weight, inadequate nutrition, genetic conditions, diabetes, sexually transmitted diseases, and side effects of excessive use of alcohol and tobacco. The risks that are related to pregnancy related complications can be reduced by availing quality pre-conception and inter-conception care. Additionally, mortality and morbidity rate can also be reduced through early identification and treatment of unpleasing health conditions among pregnant women (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003). Some of the universally known factors that interfere with child birth among the Montclair women include: preconceptions, poverty, limited access to inter-conceptions and pre-conceptions as well as age. Child health is as well influenced by socio-demographic factors that include: mental and physical health among parents as well as limited family’s income. Social maternal health determinants among Montclair community enta il: pregnancy health status and behaviors brought about by social and environmental factors. Physical factors that affect healthy pregnancy in Montclair community comprises of lack of prenatal care and environmental factors that directly interferes with the mother’s health as well as the ability to employ quality health behaviors. Nursing Process in Montclair Community Assessment Phase The Montclair communi

The Impact of Employee Participation for Transparency in the Hiring Assignment

The Impact of Employee Participation for Transparency in the Hiring and Promotion Process of Public Agencies - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that the problem is that many public agencies are not being transparent in their hiring and promotion practices, and they are not seeking out adequate levels of employee participation throughout the process. The process of hiring and promoting employees is certainly an exercise that takes place almost daily in large institutions, companies, and organization of various sorts. Without transparency and a level of employee participation throughout the process, however, it is often difficult to get rank and file staff members to truly commit and buy into the true vision of the organization. Oddly enough, this is a problem that continues to persist despite numerous attempts to rectify the situation and create more transparency and opportunities for participation on the part of everyone in the organization. Much work still needs to be done in order to shore up the hiring and promotion process, particularly in public service agencies, in order to r educe incidences of hiring and promotion the wrong individual for important positions within the organization. Judging from the fact that the degree of inefficiency continues to persist, not necessarily because of an absence of a sound recruitment strategy, but as a result of the failure of existing strategies, the simple indication that it sends is that it is important to change the processes and methods involved in tackling the situation. The major problem, therefore, has to do with the failed attempt to identify the right approach or method in tackling recruitment in various organizations, most commonly as a result of a lack of transparency throughout the hiring and promotion process.

Gourmet foods company introduction of new drink

Gourmet foods company introduction of new drink Gourmet Foods Company is the strong retailer of Pakistan. Their product line is Retail, Bakers, Sweets, Beverages and Milk. To fulfil their aim to be the best company of the Pakistan they need professional marketing plan which will help the company to achieve its objectives more successfully and resourcefully, and getting a strong position in the market. When establishing a proficient marketing plan every phase of the marketing plan must be significantly examined and comprehensively researched. This consists of examining market research and check-up current situation. Once we have carefully evaluate the internal and external business environment and observe the business in broad the most appropriate marketing strategies will be selected and these strategies will be managed by effectively monitoring outside problem and opportunities and modifying internal competence procedures. The Challenge Introducing a new product in the market. The product will be low priced drink gourmet mix fruits providing the best quality with a satisfaction of customer. The product will be from major stock and it will be no doubt a customer-centred product. Gourmet introduces its new product gourmet mix fruits with 1 billion of marketing support. Situation analysis Company Analysis: Goals: The main goal of the company is to get the strong and secure position in the market. Focus: The focus of gourmet is introducing new products in the market as gourmet cola, gourmet lemon UP, Malta, soda ice cream, gourmet apple, and other products of bakers and sweets. Environment: The environment is neat and clean and well organised. However some people have some affair regarding their quality but it is generally accepted that their environment is healthy and their products no doubt are quality products. Strengths: Gourmet has a strong position in Pakistans market. And it has covered Lahores market as it has 90 outlets only in 1 city. Weakness: There are some health issues regarding Gourmets drinks like teeth problem, throat problems. Moreover lack of outlets in other cities of Pakistan. The Market Analysis Check up both the inside and outside business environment. It is very important that Gourmet carefully analyse both the internal and external aspects regarding its business as both the inside and outside environment and their individual effects will be important qualities in relation to Gourmets success and strength in the food industry. Internal Business Environment: The inside business environment and its impact is that which is within the control of business. The main part in the internal environment is effectiveness in the production, through management skills and effectual channels. To efficiently control and monitor the inside business environment, gourmet should have an eye on its operations and should take actions on factors which may affect it. External Business Environment: The outer business environment is also strong aspect that that can affect a whole business and, a whole market indeed, whatever it do not affect the company directly. There is no doubt that changes in the outside environment can possibly provide the chances or can create threats for Gourmet Foods and it should be well aware of it. A continuous change in the market, changes customer attitudes and values, and demographic example reliably impact the achievement of Gourmet foods production the market and the reaction they get from their consumers. Another aspect that has a great impact on its production is technological atmosphere so Gourmet should have met the latest technological standards. SWOT Analysis SWOT is an abbreviation of Strengths Weakness Opportunities and Threats. SWOT analysis is a organized and proper method much used in general management as well as marketing circumstances. SWOT analysis consists of exploratory the present activities of the company to evaluate its Strengths and find out its Weakness and then using this and external research data to put out the Opportunities and Threats that exist in the market. Strengths: Gourmet has been a main part of Pakistans market for a long time. The products position is loaded with sloppiness, and this is an position many people have taken it deeply as it has covered the market of Lahore which is considered a most prominent city of Pakistan due which its becoming familiar. It has almost 90 outlets in Lahore so people have to travel a little to get gourmet drinks. This familiar branding is one of gourmets best strengths. It is providing the best quality and enjoyment to their customers and its supply is continuously increasing day by day because of its wide variety of tastes. Furthermore, Gourmets bottling system is one of their extreme strengths. It allows them conduct business in all over the Pakistan; bottling companies are locally measured and controlled by independent business people who are allowed to sell products of the Gourmet food company. It is just because the Gourmet Company does not have absolute ownership of its bottling network. Weaknesses: It is generally accepted that the weaknesses for any organization require to be both minimised and scrutinized in order to successfully attain effectually and efficiency in their businesss performance, gourmet is no exemption. Although domestic business as well as many others markets of Pakistan are flourishing. Gourmet didnt open its outlets in others major cities like Gujarat, Jhelum, is just because they have low consumer power. Moreover major part of its customers are the universities and colleges which shows that the general public customers are less in number this is because other brands are also available with more market share and goodwill than gourmet. Additionally, Gourmet has an issue of having a teeth problem which cause health problems. It also has got sugar by which constant drinking of Gourmet may also cause health trouble. Being addicted to Gourmet is a health problem, because drinking of Gourmet daily has an effect on your body as well. Opportunities: Product identification is the considerable factor affecting Gourmets competitive position. Gourmets brand name is known well throughout Pakistan today. The most important concern is that above the past few years has been to get this name product to be even better standard. Packaging changes have also affected determinant of productivity. In other markets the product life series is in more of a progress trend Gourmets advantage in this area is mainly due to its business powerful branding and it is able to utilize this area of constant effectiveness to finance the domestic warfare. Threats: Currently, there are many threats the Gourmet foods is facing. One of the major threats is the threat of new businesses and companies in competition for which the management of gourmet is thinking more on securing their market position. In addition to it rivalry is among challenging firms in industry. Its direct competitors Marat Cola (in beverage) nestle have strong impact on its market share because these are also good reputed businesses. Another and very familiar threat which almost every business faces is the threat of substitute product. The units in which Gourmet deals are very common due which its almost every unit have its substitutes like Pepsi, Coca Cola, united king sweets etc are also dealing in the same products. The market share to the competition is low. Objectives and issues Gourmets objectives are: Its goal is to achieve 15% market share in one year Jan,2011 to Dec,2011 To achieve almost 30% returns in starting 1 or 2 months. Promoting the product and increasing the acknowledgement. Compete for the survival. Marketing Strategy Gourmet is going to compete in the market where it has many direct and indirect competitors who have large number of customers. Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy is strategy. Market segmentation Dividing the market into minor groups with separate needs, features, or actions who might want separate products or marketing mixes. The division is on the basis of geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioural methods. Targeting market: The product we are going to offer is suitable for which market. After analysis Gourmet found that the city of Punjab (Gujarat) is the market where there are more chances of growth of gourmets new product. As the market is big and already have other brands but the opportunity is that the targeted customers are more interested in their local brands than international or other brands. As this is the targeted market so a major part of sales of gourmet mix fruits will be distributed to this market which will be approximately 60% and other 40% of sales will be distributed in other cities of Pakistan. The price would be reasonable as compare to its competitors and easily affordable. There is no authorized outlet of Gourmet in Gujarat so this product will be easily available at almost every retailing shop. Positioning When the process of market segmentation is done and it is decided which segment of the market Gourmet will compete in developed a clear picture of its targeted segment and defined its product, Gourmet will be able to develop the positioning strategy. Gourmet would arrange a perfect, unique, and desirable place relative to challenging product in the minds of directed consumers. Company will differentiate its product (Gourmet mix fruits) by adding some distinct features like a divers and quality taste in the same price range. The company will get the competitive advantage. Marketing Mix After deciding on its overall strategy Gourmet is ready to create planning the elements of marketing mix, one of the major concepts in modern marketing. The marketing mix is established for manageable, strategical tools that a firm mergers to create response it wants in the target market. The marketing mix consists of everything that a firm can do to influence the demand of its products. The tools are divided into 4 broad categories which are: Product Price Place promotion Product: Gourmet Foods is introducing a new product in the market which is a soft drink of mix fruits. It will be a different flavour than other soft drinks available in the market. The soft drink is going to launch with the brand name gourmet mix fruits. The packaging would same as before it has launched its existing carbonated drinks because it protects the product during shipping, and when it assemble in the shelf and when the customer is using it, it endorse the product and differentiate it from its substitute products offered by other companies. It also allows the business to plan promotional method, which can produce additional returns and advertisements. The drink would have a wide range from 240ml, 1 litter, 1.5 litters and 2 litters, it will also available in 5 litter family pack. No doubt the drink would have the best quality with lovely, nice and satisfying taste. After sales services would b given if there is any kind of problem regarding its quality like unpleasant taste or smell than it will be taken back and consumer ought to have his full payment back. However their will be a warranty 3 months within which the product should be used. Price: Marketing penetration means to sets a low primary price in order to breach the market quickly and deeply to attract a large number of consumers rapidly to increase market share Price sensitive market Inverse relationship of production and distribution cost to sales growth Low prices must keep competition out of the market Pricing strategies are vital to Gourmet because the price decides the total of sales and earnings per unit sold. Businesses should have to set a price that is more attractive and smart to their patrons and offer the business with an excellent level of profit. The product will be sold on ideal selling price which will be easily affordable. The cost of the product offered will depend on cost of production, cost of distribution and plus a fair rate of return. There will be no discount. Evaluating the cost Quantity Fixed cost (PKR) Variable cost (PKR) Total cost 240ml 8 7 15rs 1 litters 8 27 35rs 1.5 litters 8 37 45rs 2 litters 10 50 60rs 5 litters 20 85 110rs Place: The product would be distributed in the targeted market Gujarat, as it is manufacturing in Lahore so there would be a need of transportation and other market intermediaries like resellers and marketing services agencies. A van will be allocated distributing the stock to the targeted market well in time to save the customers from any inconvenience. Wholesalers will further distribute it to the resellers and finally the consumer will buy it. Company will hire the physical distribution firms that will also help it to move their stock from their point of origin to their final destination. The orders would be taken on internet or by the financial intermediaries like banks, credit companies, insurance companies, and other related units that help finance transactions or insure against the threats linked with buying and selling of product. Promotion: It includes all the means and ways through which a product can be promoted. One of the strongest way of promoting its product is products advertising. There are market intermediary that are the research firms, advertising companies, media firms, and market accessing firms that help the company goal and its products promotion to the target market. The ads will be given on famous Pakistani TV channels like Ptv, Ptv 2. It will also be advertised on news channels because this media have become so familiar and broad which will help the business in their product promotion. Moreover Gourmet also use another channel of advertising which is print media however it is not well developed but still is a useful mean of communication and selling activities. Conclusion: In the nutshell I would like to state that the Gourmet foods is flourishing company of Pakistan which deals in Retail, Bakers, Sweets, Beverages and Milk. No doubt that the company have secured good position in the market of Punjab (province of Pakistan). Gourmet is going well and as their focus is on introducing new and new products in the market, so the management of Gourmet decided to introduce a new product of beverages Gourmet mix fruits in the market giving a quality taste of different fruits in signal bottle. The targeted segment is another city of Punjab province named Gujarat which seems most suitable market for this act. The segmentation is on the basis of geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioural approaches. Hopefully it will be appreciated in all age levels and mainly in youngster. The design of the bottle is same as it already have for their beverage products. Gourmet is going to launch this product with the investment of 5 million of market support which includes all the aspects regarding the production, packaging and promotion of the product.

Motivation is a very significant part of any sporting performance at any level Essay

â€Å"We are going to need big characters out there who can dig deep and show real fight and courage.† (Clive Woodward) Motivation is a very significant part of any sporting performance at any level. Motivation can be defined as, ‘a physiological drive to fulfil a particular need’ (Davis et al, 1991). Sporting performers can either be intrinsically or extrinsically motivated. This is dependent on what the sportsman is motivated by. Intrinsic can be defined as, ‘pure love of the sport’ (Wesson et al, 2000). This would probably apply more to beginners and novices because you are some what interested in the sport, whereas elite athletes and professionals are often extrinsically motivated as there are big prizes to be one when sport is done to an elite level. As suggested by Davis et al,1998 ‘extrinsic motivation stems from other people, through positive and negative reinforcement, and from tangible rewards such as trophies and money.’ There are a few theories that are linked to motivation concerning arousal and its influence on a participant’s performance. The Drive Theory (Hull, 1943) suggests that as the level of arousal increases the quality of the performance should increase. This means that the arousal and performance are directly proportional, this is very true to a certain extent however it does have a limitation as it does not take into consideration ‘over arousal’ which would have an effect on the performance. A theory that did take this into consideration is the inverted – U Hypothesis (Yerkes and Dodson, 1908). This theory suggested that increased arousal improves performance only to a certain point after which further increased levels of arousal will have an adverse effect. As you can see from the Inverted – U Hypothesis over arousal causes performance levels to drop. A – This is when the participant is under aroused is not at optimum performance. B – This is the where the participant is at optimum arousal level and is performing to the best of his/her ability. C – This where the participant is over aroused and again not performing to his potential. Most sports require different levels of arousal, for example a fine skilled sport like snooker would require very low levels of arousal whereas a gross skilled sport like boxing would require a very high level of arousal. For this reason a graph called the Inverted – U theory and Task Type was created. The inverted – U are specific for different sports: A – a fine skilled sport such as snooker. B – a moderate skilled sport such as football. C – a gross skilled sport such as boxing. The small red box at the top of each inverted – U is the ‘zoof’ (). There are two categories that people fit into. These include NaF (need to avoid failure) and NAch (need to achieve). A NaF person is a person who is motivated to avoid failure in order not to experience the feelings of shame or humiliation that will result if failure occurs. This person introvert and would be withdrawn, nervous and would not appreciate feedback. Whereas a HAch person is someone who is motivated to achieve success for the feeling of pride and satisfaction they will experience, this person is lightly to be a extravert and would be out-going, enthusiastic and would like feedback. There are different ways to motivate these two types of people. For a NAch person, if wanted to keep them motivated you would give lots of feedback and be quite critical about their performance, this is because in the long run it would aid performance. You would also set task orientating goals and maybe make him/her some sort of leader. Internal factors are usually what motivate a NAch person. For a NaF person you would dwell on the positive points of his/her performance, you would also set very easily reachable goals to avoid any failure and ultimately to boost confidents. External factor are usually what motivates a NaF person. To set goals there is a specific process that is devise specially to ensure not to demotivate the participant. Specific – to the sport, the individual or the level at which the sport is bei being performed. Measurable – to be able to measure the progress towards achieving the goals. Achievable – to prevent far fetched goals that will just demotivate the team/ team/sportsman. Realistic – to prevent far fetched goals that will just demotivate the team/ team/sportsman. Time-phased – specified to individual needs. Exciting – to maintain motivation. Recorded – to ensure the agreement. (S.M.A.R.T.E.R.) In all sport motivation is one of the most important things to aid a successful performance. In conclusion, referring back to the question motivation can be responsible for enhancing sporting performance in all competitive games. This is true if I look back to all my reasoning above.

What the Experts Arent Saying About Sample Research Paper and How This impacts You

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